Optimization of synchronizability in multiplex networks by rewiring one layer

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Deformed Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble description of Small-World networks

The study of spectral behavior of networks has gained enthusiasm over the last few years. In particular, Random Matrix Theory (RMT) concepts have proven to be useful. In discussing transition from regular behavior to fully chaotic behavior it has been found that an extrapolation formula of the Brody type can be used. In the present paper we analyze the regular to chaotic behavior of Small World (SW) networks using an extension of the Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble. This RMT ensemble, coined the Deformed Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble (DGOE), supplies a natural foundation of the Brody formula. SW networks follow GOE statistics till certain range of eigenvalues correlations depending upon the strength of random connections. We show that for these regimes of SW networks where spectral correlations do not follow GOE beyond certain range, DGOE statistics models the correlations very well. The analysis performed in this paper proves the utility of the DGOE in network physics, as much as it has been useful in other physical systems.Comment: Replaced with the revised version, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Spectral analysis of Gene co-expression network of Zebrafish

We analyze the gene expression data of Zebrafish under the combined framework of complex networks and random matrix theory. The nearest neighbor spacing distribution of the corresponding matrix spectra follows random matrix predictions of Gaussian orthogonal statistics. Based on the eigenvector analysis we can divide the spectra into two parts, first part for which the eigenvector localization properties match with the random matrix theory predictions, and the second part for which they show deviation from the theory and hence are useful to understand the system dependent properties. Spectra with the localized eigenvectors can be characterized into three groups based on the eigenvalues. We explore the position of localized nodes from these different categories. Using an overlap measure, we find that the top contributing nodes in the different groups carry distinguished structural features. Furthermore, the top contributing nodes of the different localized eigenvectors corresponding to the lower eigenvalue regime form different densely connected structure well separated from each other. Preliminary biological interpretation of the genes, associated with the top contributing nodes in the localized eigenvectors, suggests that the genes corresponding to same vector share common features.Comment: 6 pages, four figures (accepted in EPL

Interplay of degree correlations and cluster synchronization

We study the evolution of coupled chaotic dynamics on networks and investigate the role of degree-degree correlation in the networks' cluster synchronizability. We find that an increase in the disassortativity can lead to an increase or a decrease in the cluster synchronizability depending on the degree distribution and average connectivity of the network. Networks with heterogeneous degree distribution exhibit significant changes in cluster synchronizability as well as in the phenomena behind cluster synchronization as compared to those of homogeneous networks. Interestingly, cluster synchronizability of a network may be very different from global synchronizability due to the presence of the driven phenomenon behind the cluster formation. Furthermore, we show how degeneracy at the zero eigenvalues provides an understanding of the occurrence of the driven phenomenon behind the synchronization in disassortative networks. The results demonstrate the importance of degree-degree correlations in determining cluster synchronization behavior of complex networks and hence have potential applications in understanding and predicting dynamical behavior of complex systems ranging from brain to social systems

Mathematical Model of Ammonia Handling in the Rat Renal Medulla

The kidney is one of the main organs that produces ammonia and release it into the circulation. Under normal conditions, between 30 and 50% of the ammonia produced in the kidney is excreted in the urine, the rest being absorbed into the systemic circulation via the renal vein. In acidosis and in some pathological conditions, the proportion of urinary excretion can increase to 70% of the ammonia produced in the kidney. Mechanisms regulating the balance between urinary excretion and renal vein release are not fully understood. We developed a mathematical model that reflects current thinking about renal ammonia handling in order to investigate the role of each tubular segment and identify some of the components which might control this balance. The model treats the movements of water, sodium chloride, urea, NH3 and [Formula: see text], and non-reabsorbable solute in an idealized renal medulla of the rat at steady state. A parameter study was performed to identify the transport parameters and microenvironmental conditions that most affect the rate of urinary ammonia excretion. Our results suggest that urinary ammonia excretion is mainly determined by those parameters that affect ammonia recycling in the loops of Henle. In particular, our results suggest a critical role for interstitial pH in the outer medulla and for luminal pH along the inner medullary collecting ducts

Low myo-inositol and high glutamine levels in brain are associated with neuropsychological deterioration after induced hyperammonemia

The neuropsychological effect of hyperammonemia is variable. This study tests the hypothesis that the effect of ammonia on the neuropsychological function in patients with cirrhosis is determined by the ability of the brain to buffer ammonia-induced increase in glutamine within the astrocyte by losing osmolytes like myo-inositol (mI) and not by the magnitude of the induced hyperammonemia. Fourteen cirrhotic patients with no evidence of overt hepatic encephalopathy were given a 75-g amino acid (aa) solution mimicking the hemoglobin molecule to induce hyperammonemia. Measurement of a battery of neuropsychological function tests including immediate memory, ammonia, aa, and short-echo time proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy were performed before and 4 h after administration of the as solution. Eight patients showed deterioration in the Immediate Memory Test at 4 h. Demographic factors, severity of liver disease, change in plasma ammonia, and as profiles after the as solution were similar in those that showed a deterioration compared with those who did not. In patients who showed deterioration in the memory test, the mI-to-creatine ratio (mI/Cr) was significantly lower at baseline than those that did not deteriorate. In contrast, the glutamate/glutamine-to-Cr ratio was significantly greater in the patients that deteriorated. The observation that deterioration in the memory test scores was greater in those with lower mI/Cr supports the hypothesis that the neuropsychological effects of induced hyperammonemia is determined by the capacity of the brain to handle ammonia-induced increase in glutamine

Hospital Besar Kelang,

Summary: Hairy cell leukemia is a rare malignant lymphoproliferative disease. It has characteristic cytochemical, morphological and ultrastructural features. We report such a case in a pregnant Malay patient. The pregnancy was terminated